Cone of Experience

CONE OF EXPERIENCE
       by: edgar dale

          Edgar Dale (April 27, 1900 – March 8, 1985) was a U.S. educationist who developed the famous Cone of Experience. He made several contributions to audio and visual instruction, including a methodology for analyzing the content of motion pictures.

                  Introduced by Edgar Dale (1946) in his textbook on audiovisual methods in teaching, the Cone of Experience is a visual device meant to summarize Dale’s classification system for the varied types of mediated learning experiences. The organizing principle of the Cone was a progression from most concrete experiences (at the bottom of the cone) to most abstract (at the top). 

Band of Experience in Dale’s Cone

Direct Purposeful- these are first hand experiences which

 serves as the foundation of our learning.

Contrived Experiences- Makes use of representative models or          mock ups of reality for practical reasons and make a real-life experiences that are accessible to student’s perceptions and understanding.

Dramatized Experiences- By dramatization, students can  

participate in a constructed experience.

Demonstrations – A visualized explanation of an important fact, idea or process by the use of photographs, drawings, films, displays or guided motion.

Study Trips- These are excursions and visits conducted to observe an event that is unavailable within the classrooms.

Exhibits – These are displays to be seen by spectators. They  consists of working models arranged meaningfully or photographs with models, charts and posters.

Television and Motion pictures- This are reconstruction of reality of the past so effectively that we are made to feel we are there. The value of the messages communicated by the films lies in the feeling of realism, emphasis on persons personality, their organized presentations and their ability to select, dramatize, highlight and clarify.

Still pictures, recordings and radio- these are visual and auditory devices used by an individual or a group. Still pictures lack the sound and motion of a sound film.

Visual Symbols- They are no longer realistic reproduction of physical things for these are highly abstract representations. Examples are charts, graphs, maps and diagrams.

Verbal Symbols – They are not like the objects or ideas for which they stand. They usually do not contain visual clues to their meaning.